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Non-Disclosure Agreement

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NON-DISCLOSURE AGREEMENT

THIS NON-DISCLOSURE AGREEMENT (the "Agreement") dated this ________ day of ________________, ________

BETWEEN:

____________________ of ________________________________________________________________________________
(the "Employer")

OF THE FIRST PART

- AND -

____________________ of ________________________________________________________________________________
(the "Employee")

OF THE SECOND PART

BACKGROUND:

  1. The Employee is currently or may be employed as an employee with the Employer for the position of: ____________________________________________________________ In addition to this responsibility or position (the "Employment"), this Agreement also covers any position or responsibility now or later held with the Employer.
  2. The Employee will receive from the Employer, or develop on the behalf of the Employer, Confidential Information as a result of the Employment (the "Permitted Purpose").

IN CONSIDERATION OF and as a condition of the Employer employing the Employee and the Employer providing the Confidential Information to the Employee in addition to other valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which consideration is hereby acknowledged, the parties to this Agreement agree as follows:

  1. Confidential Information
  2. All written and oral information and materials disclosed or provided by the Employer to the Employee under this Agreement constitute Confidential Information regardless of whether such information was provided before or after the date of this Agreement or how it was provided to the Employee.
  3. The Employee acknowledges that in any position the Employee may hold, in and as a result of the Employee's employment by the Employer, the Employee will, or may, be making use of, acquiring or adding to information about certain matters and things which are confidential to the Employer and which information is the exclusive property of the Employer.
  4. "Confidential Information" means all data and information relating to the business and management of the Employer, including but not limited to, the following:
    1. Customer Information which includes names of customers of the Employer, their representatives, all customer contact information, contracts and their contents and parties, customer services, data provided by customers and the type, quantity and specifications of products and services purchased, leased, licensed or received by customers of the Employer;
    2. Intellectual Property which includes information relating to the Employer's proprietary rights prior to any public disclosure of such information, including but not limited to the nature of the proprietary rights, production data, technical and engineering data, technical concepts, test data and test results, simulation results, the status and details of research and development of products and services, and information regarding acquiring, protecting, enforcing and licensing proprietary rights (including patents, copyrights and trade secrets);
    3. Marketing and Development Information which includes marketing and development plans of the Employer, price and cost data, price and fee amounts, pricing and billing policies, quoting procedures, marketing techniques and methods of obtaining business, forecasts and forecast assumptions and volumes, and future plans and potential strategies of the Employer which have been or are being discussed;
    4. Business Operations which includes internal personnel and financial information of the Employer, vendor names and other vendor information (including vendor characteristics, services and agreements), purchasing and internal cost information, internal services and operational manuals, external business contacts including those stored on social media accounts or other similar platforms or databases operated by the Employer, and the manner and methods of conducting the Employer's business;
    5. Product Information which includes all specifications for products of the Employer as well as work product resulting from or related to work or projects performed or to be performed for the Employer or for clients of the Employer, of any type or form in any stage of actual or anticipated research and development;
    6. Production Processes which includes processes used in the creation, production and manufacturing of the work product of the Employer, including but not limited to, formulas, patterns, moulds, models, methods, techniques, specifications, processes, procedures, equipment, devices, programs, and designs;
    7. Service Information which includes all data and information relating to the services provided by the Employer, including but not limited to, plans, schedules, manpower, inspection, and training information;
    8. Proprietary Computer Code which includes all sets of statements, instructions or programs of the Employer, whether in human readable or machine readable form, that are expressed, fixed, embodied or stored in any manner and that can be used directly or indirectly in a computer ("Computer Programs"); any report format, design or drawing created or produced by such Computer Programs; and all documentation, design specifications and charts, and operating procedures which support the Computer Programs;
    9. Computer Technology which includes all scientific and technical information or material of the Employer, pertaining to any machine, appliance or process, including but not limited to, specifications, proposals, models, designs, formulas, test results and reports, analyses, simulation results, tables of operating conditions, materials, components, industrial skills, operating and testing procedures, shop practices, know-how and show-how;
    10. Accounting Information which includes, without limitation, all financial statements, annual reports, balance sheets, company asset information, company liability information, revenue and expense reporting, profit and loss reporting, cash flow reporting, accounts receivable, accounts payable, inventory reporting, purchasing information and payroll information of the Employer; and
    11. Confidential Information will also include any information that has been disclosed by a third party to the Employer and is protected by a non-disclosure agreement entered into between the third party and the Employer.
  5. Confidential Information will not include the following information:
    1. Information that is generally known in the industry of the Employer;
    2. Information that is now or subsequently becomes generally available to the public through no wrongful act of the Employee;
    3. Information rightly in the possession of the Employee prior to the disclosure to the Employee by the Employer;
    4. Information that is independently created by the Employee without direct or indirect use of the Confidential Information; or
    5. Information that the Employee rightfully obtains from a third party who has the right to transfer or disclose it.
  6. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the Confidential Information will remain the exclusive property of the Employer and will only be used by the Employee for the Permitted Purpose. The Employee will not use the Confidential Information for any purpose that might be directly or indirectly detrimental to the Employer or any associated affiliates or subsidiaries.
  7. The obligations to ensure and protect the confidentiality of the Confidential Information imposed on the Employee in this Agreement and any obligations to provide notice under this Agreement will survive the expiration or termination, as the case may be, of this Agreement and those obligations will last indefinitely.
  8. The Employee may disclose any of the Confidential Information:
    1. to such employees, agents, representatives and advisors of the Employee that have a need to know for the Permitted Purpose provided that:
      1. the Employee has informed such personnel of the confidential nature of the Confidential Information;
      2. such personnel agree to be legally bound to the same burdens of non-disclosure and non-use as the Employee;
      3. the Employee agrees to take all necessary steps to ensure that the terms of this Agreement are not violated by such personnel; and
      4. the Employee agrees to be responsible for and indemnify the Employer for any breach of this Agreement by its personnel.
    2. to a third party where the Employer has consented in writing to such disclosure; and
    3. to the extent required by law or by the request or requirement of any judicial, legislative, administrative or other governmental body.
  9. Avoiding Conflict of Opportunities
  10. It is understood and agreed that any business opportunity relating to or similar to the Employer's current or anticipated business opportunities coming to the attention of the Employee during the Employee's employment is an opportunity belonging to the Employer. Accordingly, the Employee will advise the Employer of the opportunity and cannot pursue the opportunity, directly or indirectly, without the written consent of the Employer.
  11. Without the written consent of the Employer, the Employee further agrees not to directly or indirectly, engage or participate in any other business activities which the Employer, in their reasonable discretion, determines to be in conflict with the best interests of the Employer.
  12. Ownership and Title
  13. The Employee acknowledges and agrees that all rights, title and interest in any Confidential Information will remain the exclusive property of the Employer. Accordingly, the Employee specifically agrees and acknowledges that the Employee will have no interest in the Confidential Information, including, without limitation, no interest in know-how, copyright, trade marks or trade names, notwithstanding the fact that the Employee may have created or contributed to the creation of that Confidential Information.
  14. The Employee does hereby waive any moral rights that the Employee may have with respect to the Confidential Information.
  15. The Confidential Information will not include anything developed or produced by the Employee during the term of this Agreement, including but not limited to intellectual property, process, design, development, creation, research, invention, know-how, trade name, trade marks or copyright that:
    1. was developed without the use of any equipment, supplies, facility or Confidential Information of the Employer;
    2. was developed entirely on the Employee's own time;
    3. does not relate to the actual business or reasonably anticipated business of the Employer;
    4. does not relate to the actual or demonstrably anticipated processes, research or development of the Employer; and
    5. does not result from any work performed by the Employee for the Employer.
  16. The Employee agrees to immediately disclose to the Employer all Confidential Information developed in whole or in part by the Employee during the term of the Employment and to assign to the Employer any right, title or interest the Employee may have in the Confidential Information. The Employee agrees to execute any instruments and to do all other things reasonably requested by the Employer (both during and after the term of the Employment) in order to vest more fully in the Employer all ownership rights in those items transferred by the Employee to the Employer.
  17. Remedies
  18. The Employee agrees and acknowledges that the Confidential Information is of a proprietary and confidential nature and that any disclosure of the Confidential Information to a third party in breach of this Agreement cannot be reasonably or adequately compensated for in money damages and would cause irreparable injury to the Employer. Accordingly, the Employee agrees that the Employer is entitled to, in addition to all other rights and remedies available to them at law or in equity, an injunction restraining the Employee, any of its personnel, and any agents of the Employee, from directly or indirectly committing or engaging in any act restricted by this Agreement in relation to the Confidential Information.
  19. Return of Confidential Information
  20. The Employee agrees that, upon request of the Employer, or in the event that the Employee ceases to require use of the Confidential Information, or upon expiration or termination of this Agreement, or the expiration or termination of the Employment, the Employee will turn over to the Employer all documents, disks or other computer media, or other material in the possession or control of the Employee that:
    1. may contain or be derived from ideas, concepts, creations, or trade secrets and other proprietary and Confidential Information as defined in this Agreement; or
    2. is connected with or derived from the Employee's services to the Employer.
  21. Notices
  22. In the event that the Employee is required in a civil, criminal or regulatory proceeding to disclose any part of the Confidential Information, the Employee will give to the Employer prompt written notice of such request so the Employer may seek an appropriate remedy or alternatively to waive the Employee's compliance with the provisions of this Agreement in regards to the request.
  23. If the Employee loses or makes unauthorized disclosure of any of the Confidential Information, the Employee will immediately notify the Employer and take all reasonable steps necessary to retrieve the lost or improperly disclosed Confidential Information.
  24. Any notices or delivery required in this Agreement will be deemed completed when hand-delivered, delivered by agent, or seven (7) days after being placed in the post, postage prepaid, to the parties at the addresses contained in this Agreement or as the parties may later designate in writing.
  25. The addresses for any notice to be delivered to any of the parties to this Agreement are as follows:
    1. ____________________
      ________________________________________________________________________________

    2. ____________________
      ________________________________________________________________________________

  26. Representations
  27. In providing the Confidential Information, the Employer makes no representations, either expressly or impliedly as to its adequacy, sufficiency, completeness, correctness or its lack of defect of any kind, including any patent or trade mark infringement that may result from the use of such information.
  28. Termination
  29. This Agreement will automatically terminate on the date that the Employee's Employment with the Employer terminates or expires, as the case may be. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, all rights and obligations under this Agreement will terminate at that time.
  30. Assignment
  31. Except where a party has changed its corporate name or merged with another corporation, this Agreement may not be assigned or otherwise transferred by either party in whole or part without the prior written consent of the other party to this Agreement.
  32. Amendments
  33. This Agreement may only be amended or modified by a written instrument executed by both the Employer and the Employee.
  34. Governing Law
  35. This Agreement will be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of Singapore.
  36. General Provisions
  37. Time is of the essence in this Agreement.
  38. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts.
  39. Headings are inserted for the convenience of the parties only and are not to be considered when interpreting this Agreement. Words in the singular mean and include the plural and vice versa. Words in the masculine mean and include the feminine and vice versa.
  40. The clauses, paragraphs, and subparagraphs contained in this Agreement are intended to be read and construed independently of each other. If any part of this Agreement is held to be invalid, this invalidity will not affect the operation of any other part of this Agreement.
  41. The Employee is liable for all costs, expenses and expenditures including, and without limitation, the complete legal costs incurred by the Employer in enforcing this Agreement as a result of any default of this Agreement by the Employee.
  42. The Employer and the Employee acknowledge that this Agreement is reasonable, valid and enforceable. However, if a court of competent jurisdiction finds any of the provisions of this Agreement to be too broad to be enforceable, it is the intention of the Employer and the Employee that such provision be reduced in scope by the court only to the extent deemed necessary by that court to render the provision reasonable and enforceable, bearing in mind that it is the intention of the Employee to give the Employer the broadest possible protection against disclosure of the Confidential Information.
  43. No failure or delay by the Employer in exercising any power, right or privilege provided in this Agreement will operate as a waiver, nor will any single or partial exercise of such rights, powers or privileges preclude any further exercise of them or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege provided in this Agreement.
  44. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, as the case may be, of the Employer and the Employee.
  45. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties and there are no further items or provisions, either oral or otherwise.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF ____________________ and ____________________ have duly affixed their signatures under hand and seal on this ________ day of ________________, ________.


Last updated March 12, 2024

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What is a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA)?

A Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) is a contract in which two parties exchange sensitive and confidential information.

By signing an NDA, it's expected that the individuals involved will keep the information they discuss private from third parties. As such, the contract aims to protect the person who’s disclosing confidential information (i.e. the disclosing party) from being at a competitive disadvantage caused by the misuse of that information.

LawDepot's Non-Disclosure Agreement template is unilateral in the sense that the information is passed in one direction only—from the owner of the information to the receiver.

Some situations, such as joint venture or partnership formation negotiations, require a mutual exchange of confidential information. In this case, each party can create a unique document for the other to sign.

What is confidential information in an NDA?

Confidential information is information that is not common knowledge or known to the public at large. It’s important to specify exactly what type of information you want to protect in your NDA so that everyone is clear about what would be considered a breach of confidentiality.

Some general categories of confidential information are:

  • Data sharing: this might include customer data such as names and contact details, purchasing and internet browsing history, GPS tracking information, and more
  • Intellectual property: this can include any intangible asset that has commercial value, such as copyrights, patents, trademarks, and trade secrets
  • Marketing, product, and service information: this might include any strategic functions of a business such as marketing plans, production processes, prices, and more
  • Business operations and accounting information: this can include intangible business assets, such as information on vendors, staff, fixed costs, and other internal financial reports

Once you establish the subject matter of the confidential information, the disclosing party must describe how the receiving party is permitted to use it. For example, an employee would be permitted to use the employer’s customer lists in the course of their employment but not for any reason unconnected with that role.

The receiving party agrees to use the information only for the purposes stated in the agreement and to indemnify the disclosing party for any breach of that agreement.

When should I use a Non-Disclosure Agreement?

You may need a Non-Disclosure Agreement in situations involving the disclosure of commercially sensitive information, for instance:

  • When an employee or contractor gains access to new information not covered in their original Employment Contract or Service Agreement
  • When a company makes its financial accounts available to a prospective buyer during negotiations for the sale of the business
  • When an inventor shows their invention to secure financial backing from a potential investor, but also needs to protect their intellectual property

In sum, you can use LawDepot’s Non-Disclosure Agreement template when you are serious about protecting your confidential information. In this case, the parties will have a contractual obligation to uphold the terms of the agreement. 

Is a Non-Disclosure Agreement legally binding?

Yes, when executed properly, a Non-Disclosure Agreement is legally binding. The parties to the contract are held to Singapore’s Law of Contract.

A valid contract must include some consideration, which means each party receives some benefit from the agreement. So, for example, it may be difficult to enforce a new NDA against an existing employee if they don’t get a raise or a perk in exchange for the newly created obligations.

Also, an NDA will not be enforceable if the confidential information becomes publicly known (through no fault of the receiving party) because it can no longer be defined as confidential information.

For instance, imagine two inventors entering into an NDA with a potential investor. The investor agrees to keep the details of the invention confidential until they can begin manufacturing and selling the new product.

If one of the inventors gives away the secrets of the invention during an interview with a journalist, the information would be considered public knowledge, and the investor could not be held accountable by the inventors if that information is used by third parties.

Is an NDA indefinite or can it be terminated?

The obligations created by an NDA can last indefinitely or end on a predetermined date.

To specify an end date, consider when the relationship between the two parties ends or when the information no longer needs to be confidential because it will be in the public domain.

If a date is not specified, the information should remain confidential indefinitely.

It’s important to note, however, that trade secrets must always be kept as confidential information. These are considered valuable business assets essential to the competitiveness of the company and are generally protected by Singapore’s common law of confidence.

What happens when someone breaches a Non-Disclosure Agreement?

A Non-Disclosure Agreement acts as a strong deterrent for anyone who has signed one because of the legal action that can be taken if the confidential information is leaked.

If the NDA protected copyright, the disclosing party could start a civil claim (i.e., file a lawsuit) for copyright infringement. In this case, a court could order the infringing party to stop their behaviour, surrender any items that infringe on the copyright, and compensate the copyright owner for damages.

However, legal actions are costly and time-consuming. Instead, you may wish to resolve the dispute through negotiation or mediation. You can also include remedies for a breach of contract in your NDA, like requiring the receiving party to pay liquidated damages (a predetermined sum of money).

Related documents

  • Employment Contract: Employers can use this contract to describe job details, salary, and expectations of an employee.
  • Consulting Agreement: Also known as a Contract for Service, this document set the terms for a working agreement between a consultant and a client.
  • Independent Contractor Agreement: Also known as a Contract for Service, this document sets the terms for a working agreement between a contractor and a client.
  • Partnership Agreement: Establish the rules for a general partnership and the rights and responsibilities of each partner.
  • Confidentiality Agreement: You can use this contract in place of an NDA if you prefer the document to be called a Confidentiality Agreement. Both contracts serve the same purpose.
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