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Non-Disclosure Agreement

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NON-DISCLOSURE AGREEMENT

THIS NON-DISCLOSURE AGREEMENT ("the Agreement") dated this ________ day of ________________, ________.

BETWEEN:

____________________ of ____________________________________________________________
(the "Employer")

OF THE FIRST PART

- AND -

____________________ of ____________________________________________________________
(the "Employee")

OF THE SECOND PART

BACKGROUND:

  1. The Employee is currently or may be employed as an employee with the Employer for the position of: __________. In addition to this responsibility or position (the "Employment"), this Agreement also covers any position or responsibility now or later held with the Employer.
  2. The Employee will receive from the Employer, or develop on the behalf of the Employer, Confidential Information as a result of the Employment (the "Permitted Purpose").

IN CONSIDERATION OF and as a condition of the Employer employing the Employee and the Employer providing the Confidential Information to the Employee in addition to other valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which consideration is hereby acknowledged, the parties to this Agreement agree as follows:

  1. Confidential Information
  2. All written and oral information and materials disclosed or provided by the Employer to the Employee under this Agreement constitute Confidential Information regardless of whether such information was provided before or after the date of this Agreement or how it was provided to the Employee.
  3. The Employee acknowledges that in any position the Employee may hold, in and as a result of the Employee's employment by the Employer, the Employee will, or may, be making use of, acquiring or adding to information about certain matters and things which are confidential to the Employer and which information is the exclusive property of the Employer.
  4. 'Confidential Information' means all data and information relating to the business and management of the Employer, including but not limited to, the following:
    1. 'Business Operations' which includes internal personnel and financial information of the Employer, vendor names and other vendor information (including vendor characteristics, services and agreements), purchasing and internal cost information, internal services and operational manuals, external business contacts including those stored on social media accounts or other similar platforms or databases operated by the Employer, and the manner and methods of conducting the Employer's business;
    2. 'Customer Information' which includes names of customers of the Employer, their representatives, all customer contact information, contracts and their contents and parties, customer services, data provided by customers and the type, quantity and specifications of products and services purchased, leased, licensed or received by customers of the Employer;
    3. 'Intellectual Property' which includes information relating to the Employer's proprietary rights prior to any public disclosure of such information, including but not limited to the nature of the proprietary rights, production data, technical and engineering data, technical concepts, test data and test results, simulation results, the status and details of research and development of products and services, and information regarding acquiring, protecting, enforcing and licensing proprietary rights (including patents, copyrights and trade secrets);
    4. 'Service Information' which includes all data and information relating to the services provided by the Employer, including but not limited to, plans, schedules, manpower, inspection, and training information;
    5. 'Product Information' which includes all specifications for products of the Employer as well as work product resulting from or related to work or projects performed or to be performed for the Employer or for clients of the Employer, of any type or form in any stage of actual or anticipated research and development;
    6. 'Production Processes' which includes processes used in the creation, production and manufacturing of the work product of the Employer, including but not limited to, formulas, patterns, molds, models, methods, techniques, specifications, processes, procedures, equipment, devices, programs, and designs;
    7. 'Accounting Information' which includes, without limitation, all financial statements, annual reports, balance sheets, company asset information, company liability information, revenue and expense reporting, profit and loss reporting, cash flow reporting, accounts receivable, accounts payable, inventory reporting, purchasing information and payroll information of the Employer;
    8. 'Marketing and Development Information' which includes marketing and development plans of the Employer, price and cost data, price and fee amounts, pricing and billing policies, quoting procedures, marketing techniques and methods of obtaining business, forecasts and forecast assumptions and volumes, and future plans and potential strategies of the Employer which have been or are being discussed;
    9. 'Computer Technology' which includes all scientific and technical information or material of the Employer, pertaining to any machine, appliance or process, including but not limited to, specifications, proposals, models, designs, formulas, test results and reports, analyses, simulation results, tables of operating conditions, materials, components, industrial skills, operating and testing procedures, shop practices, know-how and show-how;
    10. 'Proprietary Computer Code' which includes all sets of statements, instructions or programs of the Employer, whether in human readable or machine readable form, that are expressed, fixed, embodied or stored in any manner and that can be used directly or indirectly in a computer ('Computer Programs'); any report format, design or drawing created or produced by such Computer Programs; and all documentation, design specifications and charts, and operating procedures which support the Computer Programs; and
    11. Confidential Information will also include any information that has been disclosed by a third party to the Employer and is protected by a non-disclosure agreement entered into between the third party and the Employer.
  5. Confidential Information will not include the following information:
    1. Information that is generally known in the industry of the Employer;
    2. Information that is now or subsequently becomes generally available to the public through no wrongful act of the Employee;
    3. Information rightly in the possession of the Employee prior to the disclosure to the Employee by the Employer;
    4. Information that is independently created by the Employee without direct or indirect use of the Confidential Information; or
    5. Information that the Employee rightfully obtains from a third party who has the right to transfer or disclose it.
  6. Obligations of Non-Disclosure
  7. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the Employee must not disclose the Confidential Information.
  8. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the Confidential Information will remain the exclusive property of the Employer and will only be used by the Employee for the Permitted Purpose. The Employee will not use the Confidential Information for any purpose that might be directly or indirectly detrimental to the Employer or any associated affiliates or subsidiaries.
  9. The obligations to ensure and prevent the disclosure of the Confidential Information imposed on the Employee in this Agreement and any obligations to provide notice under this Agreement will survive the expiration or termination, as the case may be, of this Agreement and those obligations will last indefinitely.
  10. The Employee may disclose any of the Confidential Information:
    1. to such agents, representatives and advisors of the Employee that have a need to know for the Permitted Purpose provided that:
      1. the Employee has informed such personnel of the confidential nature of the Confidential Information;
      2. such personnel agree to be legally bound to the same burdens of non-disclosure and non-use as the Employee;
      3. the Employee agrees to take all necessary steps to ensure that the terms of this Agreement are not violated by such personnel; and
      4. the Employee agrees to be responsible for and indemnify the Employer for any breach of this Agreement by their personnel.
    2. to a third party where the Employer has consented in writing to such disclosure; and
    3. to the extent required by law or by the request or requirement of any judicial, legislative, administrative or other governmental body.
  11. Avoiding Conflict of Opportunities
  12. It is understood and agreed that any business opportunity relating to or similar to the Employer's current or anticipated business opportunities coming to the attention of the Employee during the Employee's employment is an opportunity belonging to the Employer. Accordingly, the Employee will advise the Employer of the opportunity and cannot pursue the opportunity, directly or indirectly, without the written consent of the Employer.
  13. Without the written consent of the Employer, the Employee further agrees not to directly or indirectly, engage or participate in any other business activities which the Employer, in its reasonable discretion, determines to be in conflict with the best interests of the Employer.
  14. Ownership and Title
  15. The Employee acknowledges and agrees that all rights, title and interest in any Confidential Information will remain the exclusive property of the Employer. Accordingly, the Employee specifically agrees and acknowledges that the Employee will have no interest in the Confidential Information, including, without limitation, no interest in know-how, copyright, trademark or trade names, notwithstanding the fact that the Employee may have created or contributed to the creation of that Confidential Information.
  16. The Employee does hereby waive any moral rights that the Employee may have with respect to the Confidential Information.
  17. The Confidential Information will not include anything developed or produced by the Employee during the term of this Agreement, including but not limited to intellectual property, process, design, development, creation, research, invention, know-how, trade name, trademark or copyright that:
    1. was developed without the use of any equipment, supplies, facility or Confidential Information of the Employer;
    2. was developed entirely on the Employee's own time;
    3. does not relate to the actual business or reasonably anticipated business of the Employer;
    4. does not relate to the actual or demonstrably anticipated processes, research, or development of the Employer; and
    5. does not result from any work performed by the Employee for the Employer.
  18. The Employee agrees to immediately disclose to the Employer all Confidential Information developed in whole or in part by the Employee during the term of the Employment and to assign to the Employer any right, title or interest the Employee may have in the Confidential Information. The Employee agrees to execute any instruments and to do all other things reasonably requested by the Employer (both during and after the term of the Employment) in order to vest more fully in the Employer all ownership rights in those items transferred by the Employee to the Employer.
  19. Remedies
  20. The Employee agrees and acknowledges that the Confidential Information is of a proprietary and confidential nature and that any disclosure of the Confidential Information to a third party in breach of this Agreement cannot be reasonably or adequately compensated for in money damages and would cause irreparable injury to the Employer. Accordingly, the Employee agrees that the Employer is entitled to, in addition to all other rights and remedies available to it at law or in equity, an injunction restraining the Employee and any agents of the Employee, from directly or indirectly committing or engaging in any act restricted by this Agreement in relation to the Confidential Information.
  21. Return of Confidential Information
  22. The Employee agrees that, upon request of the Employer, or in the event that the Employee ceases to require use of the Confidential Information, or upon expiration or termination of this Agreement, or the expiration or termination of the Employment, the Employee will turn over to the Employer all documents, disks or other computer media, or other material in the possession or control of the Employee that:
    1. may contain or be derived from ideas, concepts, creations, or trade secrets and other proprietary and Confidential Information as defined in this Agreement; or
    2. is connected with or derived from the Employee's services to the Employer.
  23. Notices
  24. In the event that the Employee is required in a civil, criminal or regulatory proceeding to disclose any part of the Confidential Information, the Employee will give to the Employer prompt written notice of such request so the Employer may seek an appropriate remedy or alternatively to waive the Employee's compliance with the provisions of this Agreement in regards to the request.
  25. If the Employee loses or makes unauthorized disclosure of any of the Confidential Information, the Employee will immediately notify the Employer and take all reasonable steps necessary to retrieve the lost or improperly disclosed Confidential Information.
  26. Any notices or delivery required in this Agreement will be deemed completed when hand-delivered, delivered by agent, or seven days after being placed in the post, postage prepaid, to the parties at the addresses contained in this Agreement or as the parties may later designate in writing.
  27. The addresses for any notice to be delivered to any of the parties to this Agreement are as follows:
    1. Name: ____________________
      Address: ____________________________________________________________

    2. Name: ____________________
      Address: ____________________________________________________________

  28. Representations
  29. In providing the Confidential Information, the Employer makes no representations, either expressly or impliedly as to its adequacy, sufficiency, completeness, correctness or its lack of defect of any kind, including any patent or trademark infringement that may result from the use of such information.
  30. Termination
  31. This Agreement will automatically terminate on the date that the Employee's Employment with the Employer terminates or expires, as the case may be. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, all rights and obligations under this Agreement will terminate at that time.
  32. Assignment
  33. Except where a party has changed its corporate name or merged with another corporation, this Agreement may not be assigned or otherwise transferred by either party in whole or part without the prior written consent of the other party to this Agreement.
  34. Amendments
  35. This Agreement may only be amended or modified by a written instrument executed by both the Employer and the Employee.
  36. Governing Law
  37. This Agreement will be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of Ohio.
  38. General Provisions
  39. Time is of the essence in this Agreement.
  40. This Agreement may be executed in counterpart.
  41. Headings are inserted for the convenience of the parties only and are not to be considered when interpreting this Agreement. Words in the singular mean and include the plural and vice versa. Words in the masculine mean and include the feminine and vice versa.
  42. The clauses, paragraphs, and subparagraphs contained in this Agreement are intended to be read and construed independently of each other. If any part of this Agreement is held to be invalid, this invalidity will not affect the operation of any other part of this Agreement.
  43. The Employee is liable for all costs, expenses and expenditures including, and without limitation, the complete legal costs incurred by the Employer in enforcing this Agreement as a result of any default of this Agreement by the Employee.
  44. The Employer and the Employee acknowledge that this Agreement is reasonable, valid and enforceable. However, if a court of competent jurisdiction finds any of the provisions of this Agreement to be too broad to be enforceable, it is the intention of the Employer and the Employee that such provision be reduced in scope by the court only to the extent deemed necessary by that court to render the provision reasonable and enforceable, bearing in mind that it is the intention of the Employee to give the Employer the broadest possible protection against disclosure of the Confidential Information.
  45. No failure or delay by the Employer in exercising any power, right or privilege provided in this Agreement will operate as a waiver, nor will any single or partial exercise of such rights, powers or privileges preclude any further exercise of them or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege provided in this Agreement.
  46. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, as the case may be, of the Employer and the Employee.
  47. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties and there are no further items or provisions, either oral or otherwise.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF ____________________ and ____________________ have duly affixed their signatures under hand and seal on this ________ day of ________________, ________.

_______________________________
WITNESS:  ______________________

__________________________(Employer)

Per:____________________________ (Seal)

_______________________________
WITNESS:  ______________________

_______________________________
______________________(Employee)

Last updated January 15, 2026

What is a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA)?

A Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) is a binding contract that requires all parties to the agreement to keep specified information confidential. Non-Disclosure Agreements are standard in business and professional settings.

When a recipient of confidential information signs an NDA, it creates a written record of an agreement not to reveal the specified information to any unauthorized people or organizations. If a recipient fails to keep the information private or uses it for purposes other than the permitted purpose specified in the agreement, the disclosing party may have grounds to take legal action against them.

A Non-Disclosure Agreement is also called a/an:

  • NDA contract
  • Confidentiality agreement
  • Confidential disclosure agreement

Although Non-Disclosure Agreements can be used in various situations, our template is designed to cover common employment and business situations where confidential information needs to be shared and protected.

When do you need a Non-Disclosure Agreement?

You generally need an NDA whenever you plan to share confidential or proprietary information with someone outside your organization and want a legally binding assurance that they’ll keep it private and won’t use it other than for the purpose intended. 

As a general rule of thumb, you should use an NDA whenever:

  • Information isn’t publicly accessible and you plan to share it
  • At least one party gains commercial or strategic value from keeping information private
  • Disclosure or misuse of shared details could damage competitive advantages, reputation, or legal rights

If you’re unsure, review your situation—whether it involves an employee, investor, contractor, or business partner—and consider whether a unilateral or mutual NDA fits best, as well as which key terms should be included.

Non-Disclosure Agreement vs. other contracts

Choosing the right agreement depends on what you’re protecting—confidential information, competitive advantage, or business relationships.

NDA vs. Confidentiality Agreement

Generally, both an NDA and a Confidentiality Agreement serve the same purpose, ensuring that the receiving party doesn’t disclose or misuse private details.

LawDepot’s Non-Disclosure Agreement template allows you to easily create a document that safeguards your confidential information while using the more commonly recognized “NDA” title.

NDA and Non-Compete or Non-Solicitation Clauses

Rather than using separate agreements, you can include non‑compete or non‑solicitation clauses within an NDA. 

  • A non-compete clause is used when you need to limit a former employee or contractor from entering direct competition for a set period and in a specific region.

  • A non-solicitation clause prevents departing employees or contractors from contacting, recruiting, or doing business with your clients or staff after they leave your company.

Incorporating these clauses into your NDA can strengthen confidentiality protections by restricting competition or outreach to clients and employees for a defined period.

Like with separate Non-Compete Agreements, these kinds of clauses will only be enforceable when limited to reasonable time frames and contacts.

Types of NDAs

Non-Disclosure Agreements can either be unilateral or mutual.

Under a unilateral NDA, only one party agrees not to disclose confidential information. Therefore, only the recipient is bound to confidentiality. Unilateral NDAs, also known as non-mutual or one-way NDAs, are agreements that are not reciprocal in nature. Our template only creates unilateral agreements.

Under a mutual NDA, also known as a bilateral NDA, both parties disclose and receive confidential information and protect their interests in one document. For example, a business may be required to provide a contractor with customers' personal information. In return, the contractor may disclose a trade secret about how they handle the data. If both parties want to protect their information, they can sign a mutual NDA.

If you need a mutual agreement, you can use our template to create two documents with the parties switching roles.

Common Non-Disclosure Agreement use cases

An NDA can be used in a variety of situations, such as the following scenarios:

1. Promoting an employee

If you're hiring an employee who will have access to confidential information on the job, have them sign an NDA before hiring. This is especially important if some sensitive details will be discussed before the candidate becomes an employee. Confidential information may include your business's marketing strategies, customer data, future plans, and other sensitive details.

A Non-Disclosure Agreement can protect you and your business interests by deterring your employees from sharing or misusing confidential information. If the employee breaches the agreement, you have the right to take legal action against them.

Alternatively, if you don't need to discuss any trade secrets before hiring, you can include confidentiality clauses in an Employment Contract.

2. Hiring a contractor or consultant

If the main contract (whether it’s a Service Agreement, Independent Contractor Agreement or Consulting Agreement) does not include confidentiality clauses for some reason, or if responsibilities changed after the initial signing, a separate NDA should be used for sensitive business information.

Like employees, contractors and consultants may need access to your business plans, marketing strategies, customer data, or other information to perform their roles effectively. With NDAs, you can provide them with the information required to succeed while protecting your interests.

3. Selling a business

If you're selling all or part of your business through the sale of shares or assets, a prospective buyer will need to carry out due diligence by inspecting your financial books and other confidential records to arrive at an accurate valuation of the business. Before you disclose anything, present them with an NDA and ask them to sign. This way, your business interests are protected if the sale does not proceed with this buyer.

When selling a business, confidential information can include knowledge or documentation relating to employees, trade secrets, clients, profits, or losses.

4. Discussing an invention or idea

If you plan to discuss an invention or piece of intellectual property with someone, have them sign an NDA before disclosing any information.

To evaluate an invention, investors or potential buyers often require access to confidential information about it before deciding whether to become involved. An invention could be a:

  • Product
  • Plan
  • Design
  • Recipe

A Non-Disclosure Agreement allows investors, buyers, and other collaborators to make informed decisions without having the right to share or misuse your intellectual property.

Generally, you shouldn't describe an invention in an NDA to ensure that the evaluator can't read the agreement, gain knowledge about your invention, and refuse to sign. By excluding a description, the evaluator must sign the NDA before disclosing any information about the invention. Simply describing your invention could allow someone else to steal your idea.

Other situations to use an NDA

  • Partnership and joint venture discussions: Protect proprietary information shared while exploring potential collaborations.
  • Seeking and requesting funding from investors: Safeguard financial details, business plans, and forecasts disclosed to potential investors or lenders.
  • Vendors, agencies, and service providers: For use when working with marketing agencies, software developers, consultants, or other third‑party vendors who may access sensitive business details.

Information protected by a Non-Disclosure Agreement

In a Non-Disclosure Agreement, you can choose to protect the following types of information:

  • Customer information, including customer names, contact details, and purchase histories. A customer's purchase history may include descriptions of products and services they've purchased, leased, licensed, or received from your business.
  • Intellectual property, such as information related to creating and selling a product or service, such as copyrights, patents, and trade secrets (including computer technology).
  • Marketing, product, and service information, such as production processes, research, pricing and billing policies, and marketing and advertising techniques.
  • Business operations and accounting information, including names and contact information for employees and employers, purchasing and internal cost details, and information related to payroll and other financial reports (information that should already be protected under an Employee Privacy Policy). 

In the United States, a Non-Disclosure Agreement can protect both trade secrets and other confidential business information. Trade secrets are also covered under federal law through the Defend Trade Secrets Act (DTSA), which allows businesses to file civil claims for misuse of protected information and requires certain NDAs to include whistleblower‑immunity language.

What is not covered by a Non-Disclosure Agreement?

Confidential information can't be common knowledge or already in the public domain. As a result, confidential information can't include the following:

  • Information that is well-known or public knowledge
  • Information that becomes publicly known through no fault of the recipient
  • Information that the recipient already knows before they receive it from the disclosing party
  • Information created by the recipient through independent research without the use of the disclosing party's confidential information
  • Information rightfully obtained from a third party regarding the disclosing party's business

Key Non-Disclosure Agreement requirements

Before you begin drafting your NDA, ensure it contains the following components and parameters:

  • Parties and their roles: Every NDA identifies who’s sharing confidential information (the disclosing party) and who’s receiving it (the receiving party).
  • Termination clause: Most NDAs include a clause that allows either party to terminate the agreement with written notice. However, ending the NDA doesn’t cancel ongoing confidentiality obligations that continue after termination.
  • Use of release clauses: These clauses may appear when a party limits liability or waives claims related to accidental or legally required disclosures.
  • Definition of confidential information: The NDA defines what qualifies as “Confidential Information,” including business strategies, financial data, trade secrets, technical materials, and client lists, whether written, oral, or digital.
  • Exclusions from confidentiality: Common exclusions include public information, already known to the recipient, lawfully received from another source, or independently developed without using the discloser’s information.
  • Permitted uses: The recipient can use confidential information only for a defined purpose, such as evaluating a business relationship or completing a project.
  • Recipient’s obligations: The Receiving Party must protect the information, share it only with approved representatives bound by confidentiality, and follow security measures to prevent unauthorized access.
  • Handling and return of information: NDAs often require recipients to safeguard data, restrict internal access to essential personnel, and return or destroy materials on request.
  • Legally compelled disclosure: If disclosure is required by law or court order, the recipient must notify the Disclosing Party before sharing any information.
  • Remedies clause: The NDA should acknowledge that a breach of confidentiality may cause harm that money alone can’t remedy. It should state that injunctive relief—such as a court order to stop further disclosure—will be appropriate in the event of a breach.
  • Term and duration: The agreement outlines the duration of the NDA's effectiveness and the period during which confidentiality obligations remain in effect after it expires.
  • Survival of obligations: Confidentiality may last for a set time (commonly 3–5 years) or indefinitely for trade secrets, continuing until the information becomes public through lawful means.

How to define confidential information in an NDA

Defining confidential information in an NDA starts with clearly stating the purpose for which the information is shared with the receiving party. Any use of that information beyond the stated purpose is considered a misuse.

Setting these boundaries can help determine when a breach of confidentiality in an NDA has occurred more easily.

How to write a Non-Disclosure Agreement

Here’s a clear, step‑by‑step outline for writing an NDA with LawDepot’s user-friendly template:

1. Identify the purpose of the NDA

State why you’re creating the NDA—examples include employment, contractor or consultant work, the sale of a business, partnership discussions, or sharing an invention. Defining the situation helps specify how confidential information can be used.

2. Specify the parties and the location

  • Select the state jurisdiction where the NDA will apply. This determines which laws govern the agreement and ensures that the legal language complies with local requirements.
  • List the full legal names and addresses of everyone involved, noting which party is the client and which is the contractor.
  • Decide whether the NDA covers all confidential material or specific information, such as business operations, intellectual property, products and processes, etc.

3. Set the duration 

Choose how long the duties of confidentiality must be maintained; either indefinitely, within five years, or by a specific date.

4. Add optional clauses and finalize the agreement

Include any optional provisions, such as:

  • Non‑solicitation clauses to prevent poaching of employees or clients
  • Non-compete clauses to stop parties from bypassing each other in business opportunities
  • Clauses tailored to your situation (e.g., dispute resolution or notice requirements)

Set the signing date, decide whether to use witnesses, and prepare signature blocks for all parties. Each party should review the final version before signing to confirm mutual understanding and acceptance.

What happens if you break a Non-Disclosure Agreement?

Violating an NDA can result in serious legal, financial, professional, and reputational consequences depending on its use case. While it’s typically handled as a civil matter, it can sometimes lead to criminal penalties if other unlawful actions are involved.

Legal consequences

If you break an NDA, the other party may sue for breach of contract. They can ask a court to issue an order (called an injunction) to stop you from sharing more information, and they can seek monetary damages for any harm caused. 

There is a high burden of proof to be discharged when it comes to obtaining an injunction. But where a breach of confidentiality is concerned, it is a general principle that damages will not be an adequate remedy. Thus, an NDA should include an acknowledgment that the recipient agrees that injunctive relief will be appropriate in the event of a breach.

In more serious cases—such as those involving trade secrets, national security issues, or violations of court orders—criminal charges or specific statutory penalties may also apply.

Financial consequences

Courts may order the breaching party to pay compensatory damages, which can include restitution for lost business opportunities, reduced intellectual property value, or other measurable losses. In some cases, punitive damages may be added to punish extreme misconduct.

Many NDAs also include a fee recovery clause, allowing the harmed party to recover their legal costs. This means the person or business that breached the NDA could end up covering both damages and the other side’s litigation expenses.

Employment and business impact

For employees and contractors, breaking an NDA can lead to immediate termination and may harm future job prospects—particularly in industries that value discretion and trust.

Businesses that violate NDAs may lose clients or contracts, strain partnerships, and damage long-term business relationships because they’re viewed as unreliable when managing confidential information.

Reputational damage

Individuals who disclose confidential information without authorization risk being labeled as untrustworthy, which can affect their professional reputation, references, and relationships.

Organizations may also suffer erosion of their brand and trust among customers, investors, and partners if they fail to protect or improperly disclose sensitive information.

Limited exceptions to disclosure

Most NDAs include exceptions that permit disclosure when required by law, a court order, or to report illegal activity, as outlined in the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012. Even then, the disclosing party must usually limit what they share and, where possible, notify the other party first.

Information that’s no longer confidential—for example, details that become public through no fault of the signer—typically falls outside the NDA’s protection and may be disclosed without violating the agreement.

Non-Disclosure Agreement FAQs

Is a Non-Disclosure Agreement enforceable?

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An NDA is generally enforceable and legally binding if it’s properly drafted, clearly defines what counts as confidential information, and is supported by valid consideration, such as employment or access to sensitive data.

However, courts may refuse to enforce an NDA that’s too broad, lacks a reasonable time limit, restricts lawful activity, or attempts to conceal illegal conduct.

Either party can ask a lawyer to look over an NDA prior to signing if they want to ensure the agreement is valid.

How long does a Non-Disclosure Agreement last?

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An NDA lasts for as long as the contract specifies, since there’s no universal timeframe.

Many NDAs establish confidentiality periods ranging from one to five years, but obligations related to trade secrets or highly sensitive information can persist indefinitely or until the information is no longer considered confidential.

What are some red flags in a Non-Disclosure Agreement?

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Common red flags in an NDA include overly broad definitions of confidential information that cover nearly everything, or terms that last indefinitely without a precise end date.

You should also watch for one‑sided obligations, hidden non‑compete clauses, excessive penalties, or missing exceptions for disclosures required by law or court order.

Creating an NDA using LawDepot’s template ensures your agreement complies with state regulations to be a valid agreement and allows you to set reasonable end dates.

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Non-Disclosure Agreement

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