In Australia, people often use the terms resume and CV interchangeably. However, in other countries, these documents may perform separate functions.
CV stands for curriculum vitae, which is Latin for "the course of life." People often use a CV to provide a detailed overview of their career history and educational background. This document usually suits academic jobs that involve research.
In contrast, the word resume originates from the French word résumé, which means "summary" or "outline." As the name implies, people often use a resume to provide a brief description of the skills and experience they possess related to a particular job.
A resume will likely include enough information to suit your needs. However, if a job posting specifically asks for a CV instead of a resume, be sure you send the right form.